Zvinonzi vanhu vakagadzirwa nemvura. Huremu hwakawanda hwemuviri wemunhu imvura. Mudiki pazera, ndipo pakakwirira chikamu chemvura mumuviri. Kana mwana achangozvarwa, mvura inotora chikamu che90% chehuremu hwemuviri. Paanokura kusvika pavechiri kuyaruka, chikamu chemvura yemuviri chinosvika 75%. Mvura ine vanhu vakuru vakakwana i65%. Munhu wose haagoni kurarama asina mvura muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kunwa mvura kunoda kapu yemvura. Kungava kumba kana kuhofisi, munhu wese anenge aine kapu yake yemvura. Kusarudza kapu yemvura yakakodzera kwakakosha zvikuru kwatiri. Uyezve, kune akasiyana makapu emvura pamusika. Nzira yekusarudza kapu yemvura yemhando yepamusoro uye ine hutano ndiyo yatinonyanya kukoshesa. Nhasi, mupepeti achagoverana newe kuti ungasarudza sei yakakodzeramukombe wemvura?
Nyaya yacho ichataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvinotevera
1. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvemikombe yemvura
1.1 Simbi isina tsvina
1.2 Girazi
1.3 Plastiki
1.4 Ceramic
1.5 Enamel
1.6 Pepa mukombe
1.7 Mukombe wemapuranga
2. Rondedzera zvaunoda nechiitiko
3. Kungwarira pakutenga makapu emvura
4. Ndeapi makapu emvura anokurudzirwa
1. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvemikombe yemvura?
Zvishandiso zvemakapu emvura zvakakamurwa kuita simbi isina tsvina, girazi, plastiki, ceramic, enamel, bepa, uye huni. Kune marudzi mazhinji ezvimiro zvechimwe nechimwe chinhu. Rega ndivatsanangure zvakadzama pazasi.
> 1.1 Simbi isina tsvina
Stainless simbi ndeye alloy chigadzirwa. Dzimwe nguva tinonetseka nezve ngura kana chimwe chinhu. Chero bedzi iri kapu yemvura yesimbi isina simbi inoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika, mukana wekuita ngura wakadzikira zvakanyanya. Mhando yekapu yemhando iyi inoshandiswa kubata mvura yakabikwa yakabikwa pasi pekushandiswa kwakajairika, uye hapana chikonzero chekunetseka zvachose. Nekudaro, zviri nani kungwarira kuti usashandise iyi kapu yesimbi isina simbi yetii, soy muto, vhiniga, muto, nezvimwewo kwenguva yakareba, kuitira kuti udzivise kapu muviri kubva mukuora uye kunaya kwesimbi yekromium inokuvadza. kumuviri wemunhu.
Zvakajairwa Stainless simbi zvemakapu emvura 304 Stainless simbi uye 316 Stainless simbi. 316 yakasimba kupfuura 304 mu acid, alkali uye yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba. Chii chinonzi 304 simbi isina tsvina? Chii chinonzi 316 simbi isina tsvina?
Ngatitaure nezvesimbi nesimbi kutanga.
Musiyano uripo pakati pesimbi nesimbi unonyanya kuve mune kabhoni. Simbi inoshandurwa kuita simbi nekunatsa kabhoni. Simbi chinhu chine kabhoni zviri pakati pe0.02% ne2.11%; chinhu chine high carbon content (kazhinji inopfuura 2%) inonzi iron (inonziwo pig iron). Iyo yakakwira iyo kabhoni yemukati, iyo yakanyanya kuoma, saka simbi yakaoma kupfuura simbi, asi simbi ine kusimba kuri nani.
Simbi haiite ngura sei? Nei simbi ichiwanzoita ngura?
Simbi inopindirana nekemikari ine okisijeni nemvura mumhepo kuti igadzire firimu reoxide pamusoro, ndicho chikonzero tichiwanzoona tsvuku tsvuku.
Ngura
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzesimbi, uye simbi isina tsvina inongova imwe yadzo. Simbi isina tsvina inonziwo "stainless acid-resistant steel". Chikonzero nei simbi isingaite ngura ndeyokuti imwe tsvina yesimbi inowedzerwa pakugadzira simbi kuti iite alloy simbi (yakadai sekuwedzera simbi chromium Cr), asi kwete ngura inongoreva kuti haizosvibiswa nemhepo. Kana iwe uchida kuva acid-resistant uye corrosion-resistant, unofanirwa kuwedzera mamwe masimbi. Kune simbi nhatu dzinozivikanwa: martensitic Stainless simbi, ferritic Stainless simbi uye austenitic Stainless simbi.
Austenitic Stainless simbi ine yakanakisa yakazara mashandiro. Iwo 304 uye 316 ataurwa pamusoro ese ari maviri austenitic simbi isina tsvina. Kuumbwa kwesimbi kwezviviri zvakasiyana. Kupokana kwekuora kwe304 kwatove kwakanyanya, uye 316 iri nani pane iyo. 316 simbi inowedzera molybdenum ku304, inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwayo kurwisa oxide corrosion uye aluminium chloride corrosion. Zvimwe zvinhu zvemugungwa zvegungwa kana zvikepe zvichashandisa 316. Zvose isimbi yezvokudya, saka hapana dambudziko pakusarudza. Kana zviri zvekuti musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi unogona kusiyaniswa nemaziso evanhu, mhinduro ndeyekuti kwete.
> 1.2 Girazi
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti pakati pemakapu ese emhando dzakasiyana siyana, girazi ndiro rine hutano, uye mamwe organic makemikari haashandiswe mukupfura girazi. Isu tiri kunyanya kunetseka kuti zvinokuvadza makemikari emakemikari mumukombe pachawo achapinda mumuviri wedu panguva yekunwa mvura, uye makemikari emakemikari achava nemigumisiro pamuviri womunhu. Hapazovi nedambudziko rakadaro kana uchishandisa girazi. Panguva yekushandiswa, ingave iri kuchenesa kana kuunganidza, girazi riri nyore uye nyore.
Makapu emvura egirazi anowanzo shandiswa akakamurwa kuita marudzi matatu: makapu emvura egirazi resoda-lime, yakakwira borosilicate magirazi emvura makapu, uye makapu emvura egirazi.
Ⅰ. Soda-lime girazi makapu
Soda-lime girazi rudzi rwegirazi silicate. Iyo inonyanya kuumbwa nesilicon dioxide, calcium oxide, uye sodium oxide. Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvezvinowanzo shandiswa girazi rakatsetseka, mabhodhoro, magaba, magirobhu emwenje, nezvimwewo igirazi resoda-lime.
Iri girazi rezvinhu rinofanirwa kunge riine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekemikari uye kugadzikana kwekupisa, nekuti izvo zvikuru zvinoumba silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, uye sodium silicate inonyungudika. Pachave pasina chepfu mhedzisiro mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, uye hazvizokonzerese mhedzisiro pahutano.
Ⅱ. High borosilicate girazi makapu
Yakakwira borosilicate girazi ine yakanaka kumira moto, yakakwira simba remuviri, haina chepfu mhedzisiro, uye yakatanhamara michina zvimiro, kugadzikana kwemafuta, kuramba kwemvura, alkali kuramba, uye acid kuramba. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvakawanda semarambi, tableware, uye telescope lenses. Kuenzaniswa nesoda-lime girazi, inogona kumira zvakanyanya kuchinja kwekushisa. Iri rudzi rwegirazi rakatetepa uye rakareruka, uye rinonzwa kureruka muruoko. Mazhinji emakapu edu emvura akagadzirwa nazvo izvozvi, senge kapu yemvura yegirazi-yegirazi ine tii strainer yeThermos, iyo yese yekapu muviri wakagadzirwa nepamusoro borosilicate girazi.
Ⅲ. Crystal girazi
Girazi rekristaro (crystal glass) zvinoreva mudziyo unogadzirwa negirazi rinonyungudika wozogadzira chigaba chakaita sekiristaro, chinozivikanwawo sekiristaro yekugadzira. Nekuda kwekushomeka uye kuomerwa kwekucherwa kwekristaro yechisikigo, haigone kuita zvinodiwa nevanhu, saka girazi rekristaro rakagadzirwa.
Mamiriro egirazi rekristaro akajeka, achiratidza manzwiro akanaka ekuona. Rudzi urwu rwegirazi chigadzirwa chepamusoro-soro pakati pegirazi, saka mutengo wegirazi regirazi uchave unodhura kupfuura wegirazi rakajairika. Crystal girazi inogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune yakajairika girazi nekutarisisa. Kana iwe ukaibaya kana kuipuruzira neruoko rwako, girazi rekristaro rinogona kuita ruzha rwesimbi, uye girazi rekristaro rinonzwa kuremerwa muruoko rwako. Paunotenderedza girazi rekristaro kutarisana nechiedza, iwe unozonzwa wakachena kwazvo uye wakajeka.
> 1.3 Plastiki
Kune akawanda marudzi emakapu emvura epurasitiki pamusika. Iwo matatu makuru epurasitiki zvinhu PC (polycarbonate), PP (polypropylene), uye tritan (Tritan Copolyester).
Ⅰ. PC zvinhu
Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu, PC iri nani kusasarudza. PC zvinhu zvagara zvichinetsana, kunyanya kurongedza chikafu. Kubva pamaonero emakemikari mamorekuru, PC ndeye yakakwira molecular polymer ine carbonate mapoka mune molecular cheni. Saka nei zvisingakurudzirwe kusarudza PC zvinhu makapu emvura?
PC inowanzogadzirwa kubva kubisphenol A (BPA) uye kabhoni oxychloride (COCl2). Bisphenol A ichaburitswa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya. Mimwe mishumo yekutsvagisa inoratidza kuti bisphenol A inogona kukonzera endocrine kusagadzikana, kenza, kufutisa kunokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwemetabolism, uye kutanga kuyaruka muvana zvese zvine chekuita nebisphenol A. Naizvozvo, kubvira 2008, hurumende yeCanada yakazviona sechinhu chine chepfu uye yakarambidzwa. kuwedzera kwayo pakurongedza chikafu. EU inotenda zvakare kuti mabhodhoro evana ane bisphenol A anogona kukonzeresa kuyaruka kusati kwasvika uye anogona kukanganisa hutano hwe "fetus" nevana. Kubva munaKurume 2, 2011, EU yakarambidzawo kugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro evana ane bisphenol A. MuChina, kupinza uye kutengeswa kwePC mabhodhoro emwana kana mamwe mabhodhoro emwana ane bisphenol A akarambidzwa kubva munaGunyana 1, 2011.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti PC ine kuchengeteka kunetseka. Ini pachedu ndinokurudzira kuti zviri nani kusasarudza PC zvinhu kana pane sarudzo.
Factory yakananga kutengesa kwehombe-inokwana polycarbonate yekunwa makapu
Ⅱ. PP zvinhu
PP, inozivikanwawo sepolypropylene, haina ruvara, haina kunhuwa, haina chepfu, inopenya, haina bisphenol A, inopfuta moto, ine 165 ℃ inonyungudika, inopfava inosvika 155 ℃, uye ine tembiricha yekushandisa inosvika -30. kusvika ku140 ℃. PP tableware makapu zvakare ndiwo ega epurasitiki zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kupisa microwave.
Ⅲ. Tritan zvinhu
Tritan zvakare ikemikari yepolyester inogadzirisa zvakawanda zvezvipingamupinyi zvepurasitiki, kusanganisira kuomarara, kusimba kwesimba, uye kugadzikana kwehydrolysis. Iyo inopesana nemakemikari, yakajeka, uye haina bisphenol A muPC. Tritan yapasa chitupa cheUS Food and Drug Administration FDA certification (Food Contact Notification (FCN) No.729) uye ndiyo yakarongerwa zvinhu zvezvigadzirwa zvevacheche muEurope nekuUnited States.
Patinotenga kapu yemvura, tinogona kuona kuumbwa uye zvinhu zvekapu yemvura, senge yekutanga parameter sumo pazasi:
> 1.4 Ceramics
Ndinofungidzira iwe wakanzwa nezveJingdezhen, uye Jingdezhen ceramics vane mukurumbira. Mhuri dzakawanda dzinoshandisa makapu e ceramic, kunyanya makapu etii. Iyo inonzi "ceramic cup" chimiro chakagadzirwa nevhu, chakagadzirwa nevhu kana zvimwe zvisiri-metallic mbishi zvinhu, kuburikidza nekuumbwa, sintering uye mamwe maitiro, uye pakupedzisira akaomeswa uye akaomarara kuti asanyungudika mumvura.
Chinonyanya kunetsa pakushandisa makapu eceramic ndechekuti iyo mbishi inoshandiswa mumakeramiki inodarika mwero weheavy metal element (lead uye cadmium). Kutora kwenguva refu kwemutobvu uye cadmium kunokonzeresa simbi inorema zvakanyanya mumuviri, izvo zviri nyore kukonzera kusagadzikana munhengo dzakakosha sechiropa, itsvo, uye uropi.
Kunwa mvura kubva mumukombe weceramic zvakare kune hutano, pasina mamwe ekugadzira organic makemikari. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti isu tose tiende kune mamwe ane mukurumbira ceramic mukombe misika (kana brand zvitoro) kutenga ine hutano ceramic mvura mikombe, inovawo vimbiso yakanaka yehutano hwedu.
Ceramic makapu zvechokwadi akanaka kwazvo
> 1.5 Enamel
Ndinofungidzira vanhu vazhinji vakanganwa kuti enamel chii. Takashandisa enamel makapu here? Tarisa pamufananidzo uri pasi apa kuti uzive.
Enamel makapu anogadzirwa nekuputira jira receramic glaze pamusoro pemakapu esimbi uye kupfura pakupisa kwakanyanya. Kunamisa simbi pamusoro neceramic glaze kunogona kudzivirira simbi kuti isave neoxidized uye kuita ngura, uye inogona kuramba kukukurwa kwezvinwiwa zvakasiyana. Iyi mhando yekapu yeenamel inonyanya kushandiswa nevabereki vedu, asi yaenda ikozvino. Vakazviona vanoziva kuti simbi iri mukati memukombe ichaita ngura mushure mekudonha kweceramic glaze kunze.
Enamel makapu anogadzirwa mushure mekupisa-kupisa enameling pazviuru zvemadhigirii Celsius. Hazvina zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakadai semutobvu uye zvinogona kushandiswa nechivimbo. Nekudaro, iyo simbi yemukombe inogona kunyungudika munzvimbo ine acidic, uye sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kukuvadzwa kwepamusoro kuchaitawo kuti zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Kana yakashandiswa, zviri nani kusashandisa enamel makapu kubata zvinwiwa zvine acidic kwenguva yakareba.
>1.6 Makapu emapepa
Mazuva ano, tinoshandisa makapu emapepa anoraswa zvakanyanya. Mungave mumaresitorendi, mumakamuri evashanyi, kana kumba, tinogona kuona makapu emapepa. Makapu emapepa anotipa pfungwa yekureruka uye hutsanana nekuti inoraswa. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kutonga kana makapu emapepa anoraswa akachena uye ane hutsanana. Mimwe yakaderera makapu emapepa ane huwandu hukuru hwekuvhenekesa kwefluorescent, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuchinja kwesero uye kuva chinhu chinogona kukonzera carcinogenic mushure mekupinda mumuviri wemunhu.
Makapu emapepa akajairwa akakamurwa kuita makapu akavharwa newakisi nemakapu ane polyethylene-akavharwa (PE coating).
Chinangwa chekuisa wakisi kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura. Nekuti wakisi inonyunguduka kana yasangana nemvura inopisa, makapu akavharwa wakisi anowanzo shandiswa semakapu ekunwa zvinotonhora. Sezvo wakisi ichanyunguduka, ichava muchetura here kana ukainwa? Iwe unogona kuzorora uine chokwadi chekuti kunyangwe ukanwa wakisi yakanyungudika netsaona kubva mukapu yewakisi, hausi kuzoiswa chepfu. Makapu emapepa akakodzera anoshandisa parafini yekudya, iyo isingazokonzerese kukuvadza kumuviri. Nekudaro, parizvino hapana makapu akaiswa waxed mapepa. Izvo zvinobatsira ndezvokuwedzera dhizaini remulsion kunze kwekapu yewakisi kuti ive kapu ine madziro akatwasuka-yakapetwa kaviri. Iyo kapu-yakapetwa kaviri ine yakanaka yekudzivirira kupisa uye inogona kushandiswa seinopisa yekunwa kapu uye ice cream kapu.
Polyethylene yakavharwa mapepa makapu ikozvino anonyanya kushandiswa pamusika. Polyethylene yakavharwa makapu inzira nyowani. Mhando iyi yekapu ichaputirwa nemucheka we polyethylene (PE) yepurasitiki pamusoro pepamusoro panguva yekugadzira, iyo yakaenzana nekuvhara pamusoro pekapu yepepa nechidimbu chefirimu yepurasitiki.
Chii chinonzi polyethylene? Kwakachengeteka here?
Polyethylene inopesana nekupisa kwepamusoro, ine kuchena kwepamusoro, uye haina chero makemikari ekuwedzera, kunyanya plasticizers, bisphenol A nezvimwe zvinhu. Naizvozvo, polyethylene yakavharwa makapu emapepa anoraswa anogona kushandiswa kutonhora uye zvinopisa zvinwiwa, uye zvakachengeteka. Patinosarudza, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa izvo zvemukombe, senge inotevera parameter tsananguro:
Parameter tsananguro yeimwe mhando yemukombe wepepa
>1.7 Mukombe wemapuranga
Makapu emapuranga akachena ari nyore kudonhedza kana akazara nemvura, uye kazhinji anofanirwa kuvezwa negiredhi rehuni wax oiri kana lacquer kuti awane kusapisa kupisa, acid kuramba uye kusapinda mvura. Edhible giredhi yehuni wakisi oiri ine yakasikwa nyuchi, linseed mafuta, mafuta esunflower, soya bean mafuta, nezvimwewo, haina makemikari mbishi zvinhu, uye yakasvibira uye ine hushamwari.
Makapu emapuranga haawanzo shandiswa, uye zvakajairika kuva nemikombe yemapuranga yekunwa tii kumba.
Kashoma kuishandisa. Zvichida kushandiswa kwemiti yakasvibirira yehuni kunoparadza ecology, uye mari yekugadzira yakakura-yakakura yehuni mukombe wemvura zvakare yakakwirira kwazvo.
2. Kujekesa zvaunoda ndezvipi?
Iwe unogona kusarudza yako yega mukombe wemvura maererano nemaonero anotevera.
[Kushandiswa kwemhuri zuva nezuva]
Usatarise kusagadzikana kwekuitora kunze, girazi makapu anokurudzirwa.
[Mitambo uye kushandiswa kwako pachako]
Zvakanakisisa kushandisa zvinhu zvepurasitiki, izvo zvinopesana nekudonha.
[rwendo rwebhizinesi uye kushandisa kwako pachako]
Unogona kuzviisa mubhegi rako kana mumotokari paunenge uri parwendo rwebhizimisi. Kana uchida kudziya, unogona kusarudza simbi isina tsvina.
[Zvekushandisa muhofisi]
Zviri nyore uye zvakafanana nekushandiswa kwepamba. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza girazi remvura kapu.
3. Ndedzipi dziviriro pakutenga mukombe wemvura?
1. Kubva pakuona kwehutano nekuchengeteka, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza kapu yegirazi kutanga. Makapu egirazi haana makemikari ega uye ari nyore kuchenesa.
2. Paunenge uchitenga kapu yemvura, enda kuchitoro chikuru kana kutenga kapu yemvura yemhando online. Verenga tsanangudzo yechigadzirwa uye sumo zvimwe. Rega kukara zvekuchipa uye usatenga matatu-asina zvigadzirwa.
3. Usatenge makapu epurasitiki ane kunhuhwirira kwakasimba.
4. Inokurudzirwa kusatenga makapu epurasitiki akagadzirwa nePC.
5. Paunenge uchitenga makapu e ceramic, teerera zvakanyanya kutsetseka kwe glaze. Usatenge inopenya, yakaderera, inorema glaze uye akapfuma mavara makapu.
6. Usatenge makapu esimbi ane ngura. Zviri nani kutenga 304 kana 316 simbi isina tsvina makapu.
7. Paunenge uchitenga kapu yeenamel, cherechedza kana rusvingo rwekombe uye mupendero wekombe zvakakuvadzwa. Kana pane zvinokuvadza, usazvitenga.
8. Single-layer glass cups inopisa. Zvakanakisa kusarudza kaviri-layer kana makobvu makapu.
9. Mimwe makomichi anowanzo donha pazvivharo, saka tarisa kuti pane zvindori zvekuvharisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-18-2024