Kuthiwa abantu benziwe ngamanzi. Uninzi lobunzima bomzimba womntu ngamanzi. Iminyaka encinci, iphezulu umlinganiselo wamanzi emzimbeni. Xa umntwana esanda kuzalwa, amanzi abalelwa malunga ne-90% yobunzima bomzimba. Xa ekhula ukuya kwishumi elivisayo, umlinganiselo wamanzi omzimba ufikelela malunga nama-75%. Umthamo wamanzi wabantu abadala abaqhelekileyo ngama-65%. Wonke umntu akanakuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukusela amanzi kufuna ikomityi yamanzi. Nokuba kusekhaya okanye eofisini, wonke umntu uya kuba nekomityi yakhe yamanzi. Ukukhetha ikomityi yamanzi efanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Ngaphezu koko, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekomityi zamanzi kwimarike. Indlela yokukhetha ikomityi yamanzi ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nenempilo ikwayinkxalabo yethu ekhethekileyo. Namhlanje, umhleli uya kukwabelana nawe ngendlela yokukhetha efanelekileyoikomityi yamanzi?
Eli nqaku liza kuthetha ngezi nkalo zilandelayo
1. Ziziphi izixhobo zeekomityi zamanzi
1.1 Intsimbi engatyiwayo
1.2 Iglasi
1.3 Iplastiki
1.4 I-Ceramic
1.5 I-enameli
1.6 Ikomityi yephepha
1.7 indebe yomthi
2. Cacisa iimfuno zakho ngomboniso
3. Izilumkiso zokuthenga iikomityi zamanzi
4. Zeziphi iikomityi zamanzi ezicetyiswayo
1. Ziziphi izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiikomityi zamanzi?
Iimathiriyeli zeekomityi zamanzi zahlulwe zibe yintsimbi engatyiwa, iglasi, iplastiki, i-ceramic, i-enamel, iphepha kunye neenkuni. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zamacandelo athile omxholo ngamnye. Makhe ndizichaze ngokweenkcukacha ngezantsi.
> 1.1 Intsimbi engatyiwayo
Insimbi engenasici yimveliso ye-alloy. Maxa wambi sixhalatyiswa ngumhlwa okanye into ethile. Logama nje iyikomityi yamanzi yentsimbi engenastainless ehlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe, ukuba nokwenzeka komhlwa kuphantsi kakhulu. Olu hlobo lwendebe lusetyenziselwa ukubamba amanzi abilisiweyo aqhelekileyo phantsi kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yakukhathazeka konke. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukuba ulumke ungasebenzisi le ndebe yensimbi engenasici kwiti, isosi yesoya, iviniga, isuphu, njl. kumzimba womntu.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo zensimbi ezingenasici kwiikomityi zamanzi ziyi-304 insimbi engenasici kunye ne-316 yensimbi engenasici. I-316 yomelele kune-304 kwi-asidi, i-alkali kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Yintoni 304 intsimbi engatyiwayo? Yintoni 316 steel stainless?
Makhe sithethe ngentsimbi kunye nentsimbi kuqala.
Umahluko phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ubukhulu becala kumxholo wekhabhoni. Intsimbi iguqulwa ibe yintsimbi ngokucokisa umxholo wekhabhoni. Insimbi yinto enomxholo wekhabhoni phakathi kwe-0.02% kunye ne-2.11%; Isixhobo esinomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-2%) kuthiwa yintsimbi (ekwabizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yehagu). Ukuphakama komxholo wekhabhoni, kunzima kakhulu, ngoko ke isinyithi sinzima kunentsimbi, kodwa insimbi inobunzima obungcono.
Intsimbi ayirusi njani? Kutheni intsimbi ithanda ukuba nomhlwa?
I-ayini idibana neekhemikhali kunye neoksijini kunye namanzi kwi-atmosfera ukuze yenze ifilimu ye-oxide phezu komhlaba, yiyo loo nto sihlala sibona umhlwa obomvu.
Umhlwa
Zininzi iindidi zentsimbi, kwaye intsimbi engatyiwa yenye yazo. Intsimbi engatyiwayo ikwabizwa ngokuba “yintsimbi enganyangekiyo ene-asidi”. Isizathu sokuba intsimbi ingagqwali kukuba ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zetsimbi zongezwa kwinkqubo yokwenza intsimbi ukwenza intsimbi ye-alloy (njengokufaka i-metal chromium Cr), kodwa i-rust ithetha kuphela ukuba ayiyi kugqweswa ngumoya. Ukuba ufuna ukunganyangeki ngeasidi kunye ne-corrosion-resistant, kufuneka wongeze ezinye iintsimbi. Kukho iintsimbi ezintathu eziqhelekileyo: intsimbi ye-martensitic, intsimbi ye-ferritic kunye ne-austenitic stainless steel.
I-Austenitic stainless steel ineyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokusebenza. I-304 kunye ne-316 ekhankanywe ngasentla zombini ziyi-austenitic stainless steels. Ukubunjwa kwesinyithi kwezi zibini zihlukile. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-304 sele iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-316 ingcono kunayo. I-316 insimbi yongeza i-molybdenum kwi-304, enokuphucula kakhulu amandla ayo okumelana ne-oxide corrosion kunye ne-aluminium chloride corrosion. Ezinye izinto zendlu yolwandle okanye iinqanawa ziya kusebenzisa i-316. Zomibini ziyintsimbi yokutya, ngoko akukho ngxaki ekukhetheni. Ngokuphathelele ukuba umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini unokubonakaliswa ngamehlo abantu, impendulo nguhayi.
>1.2 Iglasi
Kufuneka kuthiwe phakathi kwazo zonke iikomityi zezinto ezahlukeneyo, iglasi yeyona nto inempilo, kwaye ezinye iikhemikhali eziphilayo azisetyenziswanga kwinkqubo yokudubula iglasi. Ngokwenene sixhalabile ukuba iikhemikhali ezinobungozi kwindebe ngokwayo ziya kungena emzimbeni wethu ngexesha lokusela amanzi, kwaye iikhemikhali eziphilayo ziya kuba nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni womntu. Akuyi kubakho ngxaki xa usebenzisa iglasi. Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa, nokuba ukucoca okanye ukuqokelela, iglasi ilula kwaye ilula.
Iikomityi zamanzi zeglasi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu: iikomityi zamanzi zeglasi ye-soda-lime, iikomityi zamanzi zeglasi ephezulu ye-borosilicate, kunye neekomityi zamanzi zeglasi yekristale.
Ⅰ. Iikomityi zeglasi ye-soda-lime
Iglasi ye-soda-lime luhlobo lweglasi ye-silicate. Ubukhulu becala yenziwe ngesilicon dioxide, calcium oxide, kunye nesodium oxide. Amalungu aphambili asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiglasi ecaba, iibhotile, iinkonkxa, iiglowubhu ezikhanyayo, njl. njl. yiglasi ye-soda-lime.
Le glasi yezinto kufuneka ibe nokuzinza kweekhemikhali kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, kuba ezona nxalenye ziphambili ziyi-silicon dioxide, i-calcium silicate, kunye ne-sodium silicate iyanyibilika. Akuyi kuba nemiphumo emibi yetyhefu ekusebenziseni imihla ngemihla, kwaye ayiyi kubangela imiphumo emibi kwimpilo.
Ⅱ. Iikomityi zeglasi ze-borosilicate eziphezulu
Iglasi ye-borosilicate ephezulu inokumelana nomlilo okulungileyo, amandla aphezulu omzimba, akukho miphumo yecala enetyhefu, kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zomatshini, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, ukumelana kwamanzi, ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali, kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-asidi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso ezininzi ezifana nezibane, itafile, kunye neteleskopu lens. Xa kuthelekiswa neglasi ye-soda-lime, inokumelana nokutshintsha kobushushu. Olu hlobo lweglasi luncinci kwaye lukhaphukhaphu, kwaye luvakala lula esandleni. Uninzi lweekomityi zethu zamanzi zenziwe ngayo ngoku, njengekomityi yamanzi eneglasi ephindwe kabini ene-tea strainer ye-Thermos, umzimba wonke wekomityi wenziwe ngeglasi ephezulu ye-borosilicate.
Ⅲ. Iglasi yeCrystal
Iglasi yecrystal ibhekisa kwisikhongozeli esenziwe ngeglasi enyibilikayo emva koko yenze isikhongozeli esifana nekristale, nesaziwa ngokuba yikristale eyenziweyo. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kunye nobunzima bokwembiwa kwekristale yendalo, ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu, ngoko kwazalwa iglasi yekristale eyenziweyo.
Ubume beglasi yekristale bucace gca, bubonisa imvakalelo entle kakhulu ebonakalayo. Olu hlobo lweglasi luyimveliso ephezulu phakathi kweglasi, ngoko ke ixabiso leglasi leglasi liya kuba libi kakhulu kunelo leglasi eqhelekileyo. Iglasi yeCrystal inokwahlulwa kwiglasi eqhelekileyo ngokujongwa ngokusondeleyo. Ukuba uyayicofa okanye uyiphephethe ngesandla sakho, iglasi yekristale inokwenza isandi esimnandi sesinyithi, kwaye iglasi yekristale ivakala inzima esandleni sakho. Xa ujikelezisa iglasi yekristale ngokuchasene nokukhanya, uya kuziva umhlophe kakhulu kwaye ucace gca.
>1.3 Iplastiki
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekomityi zamanzi zeplastiki kwimarike. Izinto ezintathu eziphambili zeplastiki yiPC (polycarbonate), PP (polypropylene), kunye ne-tritan (Tritan Copolyester).
Ⅰ. Izinto zePC
Ukusuka kwimbono yokhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo, i-PC ingcono ukuba ungayikhethi. Izinto zePC bezisoloko ziphikisana, ngakumbi ukupakishwa kokutya. Ngokombono weemolekyuli zeekhemikhali, i-PC yipolymer ephezulu ye-molecular equkethe amaqela e-carbonate kwikhonkco le-molecular. Ke kutheni kungacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iikomityi zamanzi zePC?
I-PC iqhele ukwenziwa kwi-bisphenol A (BPA) kunye ne-carbon oxychloride (COCl2). I-Bisphenol A iya kukhutshwa phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu. Ezinye iingxelo zophando zibonisa ukuba i-bisphenol A inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, umhlaza, ukutyeba okubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, kunye nokufikisa kwangoko kubantwana kunokunxulumana ne-bisphenol A. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngo-2008, urhulumente waseKhanada uyichonge njengento eyityhefu kwaye yavalwa. ukongezwa kwayo ekupakishweni kokutya. I-EU ikwakholelwa ukuba iibhotile zomntwana ezine-bisphenol A zinokubangela ukufikisa kwangaphambili kwaye zinokuba neempembelelo kwimpilo yomntwana kunye nabantwana. Ukususela ngo-Matshi 2, i-2011, i-EU nayo yavala ukuveliswa kweebhotile zentsana eziqukethe i-bisphenol A. E-China, ukungenisa kunye nokuthengiswa kweebhotile ze-PC okanye iibhotile zeentsana ezifanayo ezine-bisphenol A zavalwa ukususela ngoSeptemba 1, i-2011.
Kuyabonakala ukuba iPC inenkxalabo yokhuseleko. Ndincoma ngokwam ukuba kungcono ukuba ungakhethi izinto zePC ukuba kukho ukhetho.
Ukuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwifektri yeekomityi zokusela ze-polycarbonate ezinomthamo omkhulu
Ⅱ. Izinto zePP
I-PP, nekwaziwa ngokuba yi-polypropylene, ayinambala, ayinavumba, ayinatyhefu, iguquguqukayo, ayinayo i-bisphenol A, iyatsha, inendawo yokunyibilika eyi-165 ℃, ithambe kwindawo emalunga ne-155℃, kwaye inoluhlu lobushushu bokusebenzisa -30 ukuya kwi-140℃. Iikomityi zetafile zePP zikwakuphela kwemathiriyeli yeplastiki enokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza i-microwave.
Ⅲ. Izinto zeTritan
I-Tritan ikwayi-polyester yekhemikhali esombulula uninzi lweengxaki zeplastiki, kubandakanya ukuqina, amandla empembelelo, kunye nokuzinza kwe-hydrolysis. Iyakwazi ukumelana neekhemikhali, icace kakhulu, kwaye ayinayo i-bisphenol A kwiPC. I-Tritan iphumelele i-US Food and Drug Administration isiqinisekiso se-FDA (iSaziso soQhagamshelwano lokuTya (FCN) No.729) kwaye sisixhobo esichongiweyo kwiimveliso zeentsana eYurophu nase-United States.
Xa sithenga ikomityi yamanzi, sinokubona ukubunjwa kunye nempahla yekomityi yamanzi, njengentshayelelo yeparameter engezantsi:
>1.4 iiCeramics
Ndicinga ukuba uvile ngeJingdezhen, kwaye iiseramikhi zeJingdezhen zidume kakhulu. Iintsapho ezininzi zisebenzisa iikomityi zeceramic, ngakumbi iikomityi zeti. Okubizwa ngokuba "i-ceramic cup" yimilo eyenziwe ngodongwe, eyenziwe ngodongwe okanye enye i-inorganic non-metallic ekrwada, ngokubumba, i-sintering kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kwaye ekugqibeleni yomiswe kwaye yaqina ukuba ingabi namanzi.
Inkxalabo ephambili xa usebenzisa iikomityi ze-ceramic kukuba izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-ceramics zidlula umgangatho wezinto ezinzima zensimbi (i-lead kunye ne-cadmium). Ukuthatha ixesha elide kwelothe kunye ne-cadmium kuya kubangela iintsimbi ezinzima kakhulu emzimbeni, ekulula ukubangela ukusabela okungaqhelekanga kumalungu abalulekileyo anjengesibindi, izintso kunye nengqondo.
Ukusela amanzi kwikomityi yeceramic kukwasempilweni, ngaphandle kweekhemikhali zokwenziwa. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba sonke siye kwezinye iimarike zekomityi zeceramic ezibekekileyo (okanye iivenkile zebrand) siyokuthenga iikomityi zamanzi zeceramic ezisempilweni, ezikwasisiqinisekiso esihle kwimpilo yethu.
Iikomityi zeCeramic zintle ngokwenene
>1.5 I-enamel
Ndicinga ukuba abantu abaninzi balibele ukuba yintoni na enamel. Ngaba sizisebenzisile iikomityi ze-enamel? Jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi ukuze wazi.
Iikomityi ze-enamel zenziwe ngokugquma umaleko we-ceramic glaze phezu kweekomityi zetsimbi kunye nokudubula kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukwenziwa kwe-enameling umphezulu wesinyithi kunye ne-ceramic glaze kunokuthintela isinyithi ekubeni i-oxidized kunye ne-rusted, kwaye inokuxhathisa ukukhukuliseka kolwelo olwahlukeneyo. Olu hlobo lwekomityi ye-enamel ngokusisiseko isetyenziswa ngabazali bethu, kodwa ngoku iphelile ngoku. Abo babonileyo bayazi ukuba isinyithi esingaphakathi kwendebe siya kuhlwa emva kokuba i-ceramic glaze ngaphandle iwa.
Iikomityi ze-enamel zenziwa emva kobushushu obuphezulu be-enameling kumawakawaka amaqondo celsius. Azinazo izinto eziyingozi ezifana nelothe kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngokuzithemba. Nangona kunjalo, isinyithi kwindebe sinokunyibilika kwindawo ene-acidic, kwaye njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, umonakalo ongaphezulu uya kukhupha izinto ezinobungozi. Ukuba isetyenzisiwe, kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi iikomityi ze-enamel ukubamba iziselo ezine-acidic ixesha elide.
>1.6 Iikomityi zephepha
Kule mihla, sisebenzisa iikomityi zephepha ezilahlwayo kakhulu. Nokuba kukwiivenkile zokutyela, kumagumbi eendwendwe, okanye ekhaya, sinokubona iikomityi zephepha. Iikomityi zephepha zisinika ingqiqo yokulula kunye nokucoceka ngenxa yokuba ziyalahlwa. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukugweba ukuba iikomityi zephepha ezilahlwayo zicocekile kwaye zicocekile. Ezinye iikomityi zephepha ezingaphantsi ziqulethe isixa esikhulu sezikhanyisi ze-fluorescent, ezinokubangela ukuguqulwa kweeseli kwaye zibe yinto enokuthi ibe yi-carcinogenic factor emva kokungena emzimbeni womntu.
Iikomityi zephepha eziqhelekileyo zohlulwe kwiikomityi ezifakwe nge-wax kunye ne-polyethylene-coated cups (PE coating).
Injongo yokwaleka kwewax kukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi. Ngenxa yokuba i-wax iya kunyibilika xa idibana namanzi ashushu, iikomityi ezigqunywe nge-wax zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeekomityi zesiselo esibandayo. Ekubeni iwax iya kunyibilika, ngaba iya kuba netyhefu xa uyisela? Unokuqiniseka ukuba nangona usela ngengozi i-wax enyibilikisiweyo kwikomityi ye-wax, awuyi kuba netyhefu. Iikomityi zephepha ezisemgangathweni zisebenzisa iparafini yokutya, engayi kubangela ingozi emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku azikho iikomityi zephepha ezenziwe wax. Eziluncedo ngokusisiseko zongeza umaleko we-emulsion ngaphandle kwekomityi ye-wax ukuze ibe yikomityi enodonga oluphindwe kabini. I-double-layer cup ine-insulation efanelekileyo yobushushu kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengekomityi yesiselo esishushu kunye nekomityi ye-ice cream.
Iikomityi zephepha ezigqunywe ngePolyethylene ngoku zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimarike. Iikomityi ezigqunywe ngepolyethylene yinkqubo entsha noko. Olu hlobo lwendebe luya kugqunywa ngoluhlu lweplastiki ye-polyethylene (PE) phezu komhlaba ngexesha lokuvelisa, elilingana nokugubungela umphezulu wendebe yephepha kunye nomgca wefilimu yeplastiki.
Yintoni i-polyethylene? Ngaba ikhuselekile?
I-polyethylene iyamelana nokushisa okuphezulu, inobunyulu obuphezulu, kwaye ayinayo nayiphi na izongezo zekhemikhali, ngakumbi i-plasticizers, i-bisphenol A kunye nezinye izinto. Ke ngoko, iikomityi zephepha ezilahlwayo ezine-polyethylene zingasetyenziselwa iziselo ezibandayo nezishushu, kwaye zikhuselekile. Xa sikhetha, kufuneka sijonge izinto zendebe, ezinje ngale parameter inkcazo:
Inkcazo yeParameter yohlobo oluthile lwekomityi yephepha
>1.7 ikomityi yomthi
Iikomityi zokhuni ezicocekileyo zilula ukuvuza xa zizaliswe ngamanzi, kwaye ngokubanzi kufuneka zifakwe nge-oyile ye-wax okanye i-lacquer yomgangatho otyiwayo ukuze kufumaneke ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa kwe-asidi kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi. I-oyile ye-wax yebakala etyiwayo iqulethe i-bewax yendalo, ioli ye-linseed, ioli ye-sunflower, ioli ye-soya, njl.
Iikomityi zomthi azifane zisetyenziswe, kwaye kuqhelekile ukuba neekomityi zomthi zokusela iti ekhaya.
Kunqabile ukusisebenzisa. Mhlawumbi ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokhuni ezikrwada kuyonakalisa i-ecology, kwaye iindleko zokwenza i-cupacity yeplanga yamanzi indebe iphezulu kakhulu.
2. Cacisa ukuba zeziphi iimfuno zakho?
Unokukhetha ikomityi yakho yamanzi ngokwezi mbono zilandelayo.
[Ukusetyenziswa kosapho yonke imihla]
Musa ukucinga ngokuphazamiseka kokuyikhupha, iikomityi zeglasi ziyacetyiswa.
[Imidlalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakho]
Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinto zeplastiki, ezichasene nokuwa.
[Uhambo lweshishini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakho]
Ungayifaka ebhegini yakho okanye emotweni xa ukuhambo lweshishini. Ukuba ufuna ukufudumala, unokukhetha insimbi engenasici.
[Ukusetyenziswa eofisini]
Ifanelekile kwaye iyafana nokusetyenziswa kwekhaya. Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe indebe yamanzi yeglasi.
3. Ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko xa uthenga ikomityi yamanzi?
1. Ngokombono wezempilo kunye nokhuseleko, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe indebe yeglasi kuqala. Iikomityi zeglasi aziqukethe iikhemikhali eziphilayo kwaye kulula ukuzicoca.
2. Xa uthenga ikomityi yamanzi, yiya kwivenkile enkulu okanye uthenge ikomityi yamanzi kwi-intanethi. Funda inkcazo yemveliso kunye nesingeniso ngakumbi. Sukunyolukela ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye ungathengi iimveliso ezingenanto ezintathu.
3. Musa ukuthenga iikomityi zeplastiki ezinevumba elibukhali elibukhali.
4. Kucetyiswa ukuba ungathengi iikomityi zeplastiki ezenziwe ngePC.
5. Xa uthenga iikomityi ze-ceramic, nikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwi-smooth of glaze. Musa ukuthenga eqaqambileyo, engaphantsi, iglaze enzima kunye neekomityi ezinombala otyebileyo.
6. Musa ukuthenga iikomityi zentsimbi egqwalile. Kungcono ukuthenga i-304 okanye i-316 iikomityi zensimbi ezingenasici.
7. Xa uthenga indebe ye-enamel, jonga ukuba udonga lwekomityi kunye ne-cup edge yonakele. Ukuba kukho umonakalo, musa ukuthenga.
8. Iikomityi zeglasi ezinomgangatho omnye zishushu. Kungcono ukhethe i-double-layer okanye iikomityi ezityebileyo.
9. Ezinye iikomityi zithanda ukuvuza kwiziciko, ngoko ke jonga ukuba zikhona iiringi zokutywina.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-18-2024