Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iyinto evamile phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali, enobuningi obungu-7.93 g/cm³; ibizwa nangokuthi i-18/8 insimbi engagqwali embonini, okusho ukuthi iqukethe ngaphezu kwe-18% ye-chromium kanye ne-nickel engaphezu kuka-8%; imelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu angu-800 ℃, inokucubungula ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zokuhlobisa izimboni nefenisha kanye nezimboni zokudla nezokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkomba yokuqukethwe yensimbi engagqwali yebanga lokudla engu-304 iqine kakhulu kunaleyo yensimbi engagqwali engu-304 evamile. Isibonelo: incazelo yamazwe ngamazwe yensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ukuthi ikakhulukazi iqukethe u-18% -20% we-chromium kanye ne-nickel engu-8% -10%, kodwa insimbi engagqwali yezinga lokudla engu-304 iqukethe u-18% we-chromium no-8% we-nickel, okuvumela ukushintshashintsha phakathi kwenani elithile. ububanzi kanye nokukhawulela okuqukethwe kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezihlukahlukene. Ngamanye amazwi, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 ayiyona insimbi engagqwali yebanga lokudla engu-304.
Izindlela zokumaka ezijwayelekile emakethe zifaka i-06Cr19Ni10 kanye ne-SUS304, okuthi i-06Cr19Ni10 ngokuvamile ikhombise ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kuzwelonke, i-304 ngokuvamile ikhombisa ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-ASTM, kanti i-SUS304 ikhombisa ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwaseJapan.
I-304 iyinsimbi engagqwali enenhloso ejwayelekile, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni okokusebenza kanye nezingxenye ezidinga ukusebenza okuhle okuphelele (ukumelana nokugqwala nokubumbeka). Ukuze kugcinwe ukumelana nokugqwala okungokwemvelo kwensimbi engagqwali, insimbi kufanele ibe ne-chromium engaphezu kuka-18% kanye ne-nickel engaphezu kuka-8%. I-304 insimbi engagqwali iyibanga lensimbi engagqwali ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezinga le-ASTM laseMelika.
Izinto ezibonakalayo:
Amandla e-Tensile σb (MPa) ≥ 515-1035
Amandla esivuno anemibandela σ0.2 (MPa) ≥ 205
Ubude δ5 (%) ≥ 40
Ukuncipha kwengxenye ψ (%)≥?
Ukuqina: ≤201HBW; ≤92HRB; ≤210HV
Ukuminyana (20℃, g/cm³): 7.93
Iphuzu elincibilikayo (℃): 1398–1454
Umthamo wokushisa othize (0~100℃, KJ·kg-1K-1): 0.50
I-Thermal conductivity (W·m-1·K-1): (100℃) 16.3, (500℃) 21.5
Umugqa wokunweba i-coefficient (10-6·K-1): (0~100℃) 17.2, (0~500℃) 18.4
Ukumelana (20℃, 10-6Ω·m2/m): 0.73
Imodulus yokunwebeka yobude (20℃, KN/mm2): 193
Ukwakheka komkhiqizo
Bika
Mhleli
Ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304, i-Ni element ekubunjweni kwayo ibaluleke kakhulu, enquma ngokuqondile ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nenani le-304 yensimbi engagqwali.
Izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-304 ziyi-Ni ne-Cr, kodwa azikhawulelwe kulezi zakhi ezimbili. Izidingo ezithile zicaciswe ngamazinga omkhiqizo. Isinqumo esivamile embonini ukuthi inqobo nje uma okuqukethwe kwe-Ni kukhulu kune-8% futhi okuqukethwe kwe-Cr kukhulu kune-18%, kungabhekwa njengensimbi engagqwali ye-304. Yingakho imboni ibiza lolu hlobo lwensimbi engagqwali 18/8 insimbi engagqwali. Eqinisweni, izindinganiso zomkhiqizo ezifanele zinemithetho ecace kakhulu ye-304, futhi lawa mazinga omkhiqizo anomehluko othile wensimbi engagqwali yomumo ohlukile. Okulandelayo amanye amazinga omkhiqizo ajwayelekile nokuhlola.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi ingabe into ethile iyinsimbi engagqwali engu-304, kufanele ihlangabezane nezimfuneko zento ngayinye ezingeni lomkhiqizo. Uma nje umuntu engahlangabezani nezidingo, angeke abizwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
1. I-ASTM A276 (Ukucaciswa Okujwayelekile Kwezinsimbi Nezimo Zensimbi Engagqwali)
304
C
Mn
P
S
Si
Cr
Ni
Imfuneko, %
≤0.08
≤2.00
≤0.045
≤0.030
≤1.00
18.0–20.0
8.0-11.0
2. I-ASTM A240 (i-Chromium ne-Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Ishidi, ne-Strip for Pressure essels kanye Nezicelo Ezivamile)
304
C
Mn
P
S
Si
Cr
Ni
N
Imfuneko, %
≤0.07
≤2.00
≤0.045
≤0.030
≤0.75
17.5–19.5
8.0–10.5
≤0.10
3. I-JIS G4305 (ipuleti lensimbi engenasici elibandayo, ishidi kanye nomcu)
I-SUS 304
C
Mn
P
S
Si
Cr
Ni
Imfuneko, %
≤0.08
≤2.00
≤0.045
≤0.030
≤1.00
18.0–20.0
8.0-10.5
4. I-JIS G4303 (Imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali)
I-SUS 304
C
Mn
P
S
Si
Cr
Ni
Imfuneko, %
≤0.08
≤2.00
≤0.045
≤0.030
≤1.00
18.0–20.0
8.0-10.5
Izindinganiso ezine ezingenhla zingezinye nje ezivamile. Eqinisweni, kukhona okungaphezu kwalawa mazinga akhuluma nge-304 ku-ASTM naku-JIS. Eqinisweni, izinga ngalinye linezidingo ezihlukile ze-304, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukunquma ukuthi into ethile ingu-304, indlela enembile yokuyiveza kufanele ibe ukuthi iyahlangabezana yini nezimfuneko ze-304 ezingeni elithile lomkhiqizo.
Izinga lomkhiqizo:
1. Indlela yokulebula
I-American Iron and Steel Institute isebenzisa amadijithi amathathu ukulebula amamaki ajwayelekile ensimbi engagqwali efojwayo. Phakathi kwazo:
① Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic ibhalwe ngezinombolo zochungechunge ezingama-200 nezingu-300. Isibonelo, ezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezivamile zilebulwe ngo-201, 304, 316 kanye no-310.
② Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Ferritic ne-martensitic zimelelwa izinombolo zochungechunge ezingu-400.
③ Insimbi engagqwali ye-Ferritic ibhalwe ukuthi 430 kanye no-446, futhi insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic ibhalwe ukuthi 410, 420 kanye no-440C.
④ I-Duplex (i-austenitic-ferrite), insimbi engagqwali, imvula eyenza insimbi engagqwali ibe lukhuni nama-alloys aphezulu anokuqukethwe kwensimbi okungaphansi kuka-50% kuvamise ukuqanjwa ngamagama welungelo lobunikazi noma izimpawu zokuthengisa.
2. Ukuhlelwa kanye nokugreda
1. Ibanga nezigaba: ① I-GB ejwayelekile kazwelonke ② Izinga lemboni YB ③ Izinga lendawo ④ Izinga lebhizinisi Q/CB
2. Ukuhlelwa: ① Izinga lomkhiqizo ② Izinga lokupakisha ③ Indlela evamile ④ Izinga eliyisisekelo
3. Izinga elijwayelekile (lihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu): Ileveli engu-Y: Izinga eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe Ileveli I: Izinga elivamile lamazwe ngamazwe Izinga H: Izinga elithuthukisiwe lasekhaya
4. Izinga kazwelonke
I-GB1220-2007 Amabha ensimbi engagqwali (I level) GB4241-84 Ikhoyili yokushisela yensimbi engagqwali (izinga H)
I-GB4356-2002 Ikhoyili yokushisela yensimbi engagqwali (Ileveli) GB1270-80 Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali (Ileveli)
I-GB12771-2000 Ipayipi elishiselwe lensimbi engagqwali (Y level) GB3280-2007 Ipuleti elibandayo lensimbi engenasici (Ileveli)
I-GB4237-2007 ipuleti elishisayo lensimbi engagqwali (Ileveli) GB4239-91 Ibhande elibandayo lensimbi engagqwali (Ileveli)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-11-2024